Noon sakinah & tanween
أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوين
The four rules: izhar, idgham, iqlab and ikhfa — with the letters for each.
Izhar — clear pronunciation
When a noon sakinah or tanween is followed by a throat letter (ء ه ع ح غ خ), the noon is said clearly with no nasal stretching.
Idgham — merging
Before ي ر م ل و ن the noon merges into the next letter. With ي ن م و it carries ghunnah (two counts of nasal sound); with ل and ر there is no ghunnah.
Iqlab — conversion
Before ب, the noon turns into a hidden meem with ghunnah, lips lightly touching without pressure.
Ikhfa — hiding
Before the remaining fifteen letters the noon is hidden: no full noon, no full merge — a nasal sound of two counts while the tongue prepares the next letter.
Examples
مِنْ عِلْمٍ
min 'ilm
Izhar — ع is a throat letter, so the noon is fully clear.
مَن يَعْمَلْ
may-ya'mal
Idgham with ghunnah — the noon disappears into the ي with two counts of nasality.
مِنۢ بَعْدِ
mim ba'di
Iqlab — the noon becomes a hidden meem before ب.
مِن قَبْلُ
min qablu
Ikhfa — hidden nasal sound, tongue already shaped for ق.
Interactive practice
Ikhfa in ٱلْإِنسَٰن and the ghunnah of إِنَّ held for two counts.
إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ لَفِى خُسْرٍ
inna-l-insāna lafī khusr · Al-Asr 103:2
Quiz
1. Noon sakinah before ب gives which rule?
2. Which idgham letters have NO ghunnah?
3. How long is the ikhfa nasal sound held?
Lesson status
Quiz —% · Pronunciation —% · pass mark 80% on both.